Written by Shaukat Meruthi and first published in 1898, it explains only the “difficult” verses of Ghalib. First published in 1897, it explains only parts of Ghalib’s Urdu poetry. Penned by Altaf Hussain Hali, a disciple of Ghalib, this is the first book ever written on Ghalib’s life and works. Written in 1894 and published in 1313 Hijri/1895-6 AD, this commentary by Abdul Ali Walah has the distinction of being the first published commentary ever written on Ghalib’s Urdu poetry, albeit at times it sounds like brief notes. In his book Chaar chaman he explained just 74 of Ghalib’s couplets. Munshi Durga Prashad Nadir Dehlvi was Ghalib’s contemporary. Prof Ehtesham Hussain had informed Nisar Ahmed Farooqi that he had found a manuscript of Bostan-i-khirad, but it was too brittle. Said to be the first ever commentary on Ghalib’s Urdu poetry, it was written by Ghalib’s disciple Khwaja Qamruddin Raaqim, but it was never published. Here is a list of some well-known commentaries on Ghalib’ Urdu divan:
Though some put the number at 100, it is more like 50 to 60, as at least 50 such works can be named. The result was the highest number of commentaries on Ghalib’s Urdu divan and if all such works - known as sharh in Urdu, whether explaining Ghalib’s Urdu poetry wholly or partially - are counted the total comes to at least 50. This promptly gave way to one after another explanation of many verses by Ghalib and thus began the race to interpret and understand Ghalib in one’s own and peculiar way. Ghalib plays with words and the equivocal atmosphere of such couplets is exactly what Ghalib wanted to create. Some have obscurity that Ghalib intentionally created and some verses have multiple layers of meanings and can be explained in different ways. Interestingly, many of Ghalib’s couplets can be interpreted in different ways at the same time. Ghalib’s poetry has always been challenging for critics as well as for common readers. This strange phenomenon is perhaps the result of the fact that Ghalib is considered among the most difficult-to-understand poets of Urdu. MIRZA Asadullah Khan Ghalib has many distinctions and one of them is that Ghalib is, along with Allama Iqbal, among the two poets on whom the most number of research-based and critical books have been written in Urdu.Īnother unique trait that no other poet of Urdu shares with Ghalib, not even Iqbal, is that his Urdu divan is the book of which the most sharhs, or commentaries, have been written in Urdu.
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